Irregular Verbs in French

Les verbes irréguliers

Some of the most common French verbs do not follow regular conjugation patterns. These are called irregular verbs, and they must be learned individually.

Être (to be)

Être is one of the most important verbs in French. It is used to express identity, states, professions, locations, and as an auxiliary verb.

PronounConjugationExample
jesuisJe suis étudiant.
tuesTu es prêt.
il / elleestIl est fatigué.
noussommesNous sommes ici.
vousêtesVous êtes en retard.
ils / ellessontIls sont contents.

Aller (to go)

Aller is irregular and commonly used to express movement and the near future tense.

PronounConjugationExample
jevaisJe vais au travail.
tuvasTu vas bien.
il / ellevaElle va à l’école.
nousallonsNous allons partir.
vousallezVous allez comprendre.
ils / ellesvontIls vont au cinéma.

Avoir (to have)

Avoir is used to express possession, age, feelings, and as an auxiliary verb in compound tenses.

PronounConjugationExample
j’aiJ’ai un frère.
tuasTu as raison.
il / elleaElle a vingt ans.
nousavonsNous avons le temps.
vousavezVous avez faim.
ils / ellesontIls ont peur.

Faire (to do / to make)

Faire is used in many fixed expressions and to talk about activities, weather, and causation.

PronounConjugationExample
jefaisJe fais mes devoirs.
tufaisTu fais du sport.
il / ellefaitIl fait froid.
nousfaisonsNous faisons un effort.
vousfaitesVous faites attention.
ils / ellesfontIls font la cuisine.

Venir (to come)

Venir is used for movement toward the speaker and in the recent past construction (venir de + infinitive).

PronounConjugationExample
jeviensJe viens de Paris.
tuviensTu viens avec moi ?
il / ellevientElle vient demain.
nousvenonsNous venons d’arriver.
vousvenezVous venez souvent.
ils / ellesviennentIls viennent ensemble.

Common Irregular Patterns

PatternExamplesNotes
Stem changevenir → viensStem changes in singular forms
Suppletive formsêtre → suisCompletely different roots
Ending changefaire → fontIrregular plural endings

Common Mistakes

  • Conjugating irregular verbs as regular ones
  • Forgetting stem changes in plural forms
  • Confusing venir and aller

Most Important Irregular Verbs

VerbMeaningPresent (je)Infinitive Group
êtreto besuis3rd group
avoirto haveai3rd group
allerto govaisirregular -er
faireto do / makefais3rd group
venirto comeviens3rd group

What Are Irregular Verbs?

Irregular verbs do not follow the standard conjugation rules of verb groups. They often change their stem or endings unpredictably, but they are extremely frequent in everyday French.

Why Irregular Verbs Matter

Example Sentences

Je suis très content aujourd’hui.I am very happy today.
Elle a vingt-cinq ans.She is twenty-five years old.
Nous allons voyager en France.We are going to travel to France.
Ils font leurs devoirs après le cours.They do their homework after class.
Je viens de finir le travail.I have just finished work.
  • They are among the most frequently used verbs
  • They form the basis of many tenses
  • They appear in idiomatic expressions
  • They are essential for basic communication

More French grammar