英语的常用不规则动词
做个小测验,检验一下学习成果规则动词的一般过去时和过去分词都是加 -ed (work, worked, worked)。不规则动词有自己特有的形式,而英语里很多最常用的动词都是不规则动词。
要记住的三种形式
每个动词都有原形、一般过去式和过去分词。每种形式在句子里各有各的用处。
| 形式 | 用于 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 原形 | 现在时,did、will 和情态动词之后 | Did you see it? |
| 一般过去式 | 一般过去时的肯定句 | I saw it yesterday. |
| 过去分词 | have 之后,以及被动语态中 | I have seen it. It was seen. |
类型一:三种形式完全相同
这些动词从不变化。read 比较特殊:拼写不变,但过去式和过去分词的读音和 red 一样。
| 原形 | 一般过去式 | 过去分词 |
|---|---|---|
| cut | cut | cut |
| put | put | put |
| let | let | let |
| cost | cost | cost |
| read | read | read |
类型二:过去式和过去分词相同
这是最大的一组。其中很多动词以 -ought、-aught 或 -t 结尾。
| 原形 | 一般过去式 | 过去分词 |
|---|---|---|
| buy | bought | bought |
| teach | taught | taught |
| sleep | slept | slept |
| send | sent | sent |
| pay | paid | paid |
小测验
关于本课的5道小题,看看你能答对几道?
0 XP
第1题,共5题
请选择正确答案。
I ___ for ten hours last night because I was so tired.
类型三:三种形式都不同
这类动词的过去分词很多以 -n 或 -en 结尾。
| 原形 | 一般过去式 | 过去分词 |
|---|---|---|
| write | wrote | written |
| speak | spoke | spoken |
| break | broke | broken |
| eat | ate | eaten |
| begin | began | begun |
| swim | swam | swum |
begin、swim、drink、sing 和 ring 的元音变化规律相同:i, a, u。come、become 和 run 的过去分词又回到原形:come, came, come。
最常用的不规则动词
这些动词几乎在每次对话中都会出现,要最先学会。
| 原形 | 一般过去式 | 过去分词 |
|---|---|---|
| be | was, were | been |
| have | had | had |
| do | did | done |
| say | said | said |
| go | went | gone |
| get | got | got (US: gotten) |
| make | made | made |
| know | knew | known |
| think | thought | thought |
| take | took | taken |
| see | saw | seen |
| come | came | come |
| give | gave | given |
| find | found | found |
| tell | told | told |
| leave | left | left |
| feel | felt | felt |
| bring | brought | brought |
常见错误
学习者常常给不规则动词加 -ed,或者把一般过去式和过去分词弄混。
| 错误 | 正确 |
|---|---|
| I buyed a jacket. | I bought a jacket. |
| Did you went out? | Did you go out? |
| She has wrote a letter. | She has written a letter. |
| I seen him yesterday. | I saw him yesterday. |
| I brought a new car.(想说“买了”) | I bought a new car. |
例句
We went to the beach last weekend.我们上周末去了海滩。
I've never seen such a beautiful sunset.我从没见过这么美的日落。
She told me the truth.她跟我说了实话。
Have you eaten yet?你吃过饭了吗?
He forgot his passport, so he missed the flight.他忘了带护照,所以误了航班。
The children have grown so much this year.孩子们今年长高了好多。
Who wrote this song?这首歌是谁写的?