英语的被动语态
做个小测验，检验一下学习成果被动句的重点是动作本身以及承受动作的人或物。它的构成是be + 过去分词。
主动语态与被动语态
主动句的宾语变成被动句的主语。be 动词采用主动句中动词的时态。
| 主动语态 | 被动语态 |
|---|---|
| Someone cleans the office every day. | The office is cleaned every day. |
| Shakespeare wrote Hamlet. | Hamlet was written by Shakespeare. |
| They will open the museum in May. | The museum will be opened in May. |
各种时态的被动语态
只有 be 发生变化，过去分词在所有时态中都保持不变。
| 时态 | 被动形式 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 一般现在时 | am, is, are + 过去分词 | Coffee is grown in Brazil. |
| 现在进行时 | am, is, are being + 过去分词 | The road is being repaired. |
| 一般过去时 | was, were + 过去分词 | The bridge was built in 1890. |
| 过去进行时 | was, were being + 过去分词 | The house was being painted. |
| 现在完成时 | have, has been + 过去分词 | My bike has been stolen. |
| will 表将来 | will be + 过去分词 | You will be met at the airport. |
| be going to | am, is, are going to be + 过去分词 | The film is going to be shown on TV. |
| 情态动词 | 情态动词 + be + 过去分词 | This form must be signed. |
否定句和疑问句
和其他含 be 的句子一样，用 be 的相应形式构成否定句和疑问句。
| 形式 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| 否定句 | The letter wasn't sent. |
| 否定句（现在完成时） | The tickets haven't been sold yet. |
| 一般疑问句 | Is breakfast included? |
| 特殊疑问句 | When was the castle built? |
小测验
关于本课的5道小题，看看你能答对几道？
0 XP
第1题，共5题
请选择正确答案。
The thief ___ by the police yesterday.
by + 动作执行者
当动作的执行者很重要或是新信息时，加上 by（相当于汉语的“由”“被”）。执行者不明、显而易见或不重要时就省略。
The Mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo da Vinci.《蒙娜丽莎》是达芬奇画的。画家是重要信息。
My car was stolen last night.我的车昨晚被偷了。我们不知道是谁偷的。
The thief was arrested.小偷被抓了。显然是警察抓的，所以不需要 by。
什么时候用被动语态
被动语态常见于以下四种情况。
- 动作比执行者更重要时：English is spoken here.
- 不知道是谁做的时：My wallet has been taken.
- 在新闻、科技和正式文体中：The results were published yesterday.
- 在标牌和说明中：Photos are not allowed.
常见错误
最常见的错误是漏掉 be，或者用一般过去式代替过去分词。中文的被动意思常常不用“被”字，所以说英语时尤其容易漏掉 be。
| 错误 | 正确 |
|---|---|
| The house built in 1920. | The house was built in 1920. |
| The letters was sent yesterday. | The letters were sent yesterday. |
| The cake was ate. | The cake was eaten. |
| The window was broke by the ball. | The window was broken by the ball. |
| It must to be done today. | It must be done today. |
例句
Spanish is spoken in more than twenty countries.有二十多个国家说西班牙语。
The windows are cleaned once a month.窗户每个月擦一次。
This photo was taken in Rome.这张照片是在罗马拍的。
Our flight has been cancelled.我们的航班被取消了。
A new hospital is being built in the town centre.市中心正在建一所新医院。
The winners will be announced tomorrow.获奖者名单明天公布。
Were you invited to the wedding?你被邀请参加婚礼了吗？